Types of Columns in building Construction

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Types of Columns in Building Construction:

Columns are classified based on some conditions which include:

1.     Based on Types of Reinforcement

2.     Based on Types of Loading

3.     Based on Slenderness Ratio

4.     Based on Shape

5.     Based on Construction Material

Based on Types of Reinforcement 

1. Tied Column

This column is usually construction from reinforced concrete. Longitudinal reinforcement is confined closely within spaced tie reinforcement. It is estimated that 95% of all columns used in buildings construction are tied.

2. Spiral Column

This column is also construction from reinforced concrete. In spiral column, longitudinal reinforcement bars are confined within closely spaced and continuously wound spiral reinforcement.

Some lateral restrains (Poisson's effect) and delays axial load failure is provided by Spiral reinforcement.

3. Composite column

In composite column longitudinal reinforcement is in the form of structural steel section or pipe with or without any longitudinal bars.

This type of column consists high strength with small cross section, in addition to exhibit good fire performance too.

Based on Types of Loading

1. Axially Loaded Column

In this column vertical axial loads act on the CG (center of gravity) of the cross-section of the column.

This column is rare in construction since coinciding vertical loads on the center of gravity of column cross section is not practically possible in all structure.

This column is used as interior column in multi-storey buildings with symmetrical load from floor slabs to all sides.

2. Column with Uni-axial Eccentric Loading

In this column vertical loads do not coincide with center of gravity of column cross section, but rather act eccentrically either on X or Y axis of the column cross section.

This column generally come across in the case of columns rigidly connected beam from one side only such as edge columns.

3. Column with Biaxial Eccentric Loading

In this column vertical load on the column is not coincide with center of gravity of column cross section and does not act on either axis (X and Y axis).

This column is common in corner columns with beams rigidly connected at right angles at the top of columns.

Based on Slenderness Ratio

Based on slenderness ratio, (effective length/ least lateral dimension), columns are categorized as follow:

1. Short Column

In this column ratio of effective length of the column and the least lateral dimension is <12. This column is generally fails by crushing (compression failure).

2. Long Column

In this column ratio of effective length of the column and the least lateral dimension exceeds 12. Generally, this column fails by bending or buckling.

Based on Shape

Shape of Reinforced Concrete Column

1. Square or Rectangular Column

This column is used in most of building construction. The construction of this column is easy and casting is also easy compare to other shape because of shuttering and to support it from collapsing due to pressure while the concrete is still in form in flow.

2. Circular column

This column is specially design column. This column is used mostly in piling work.

3. L-Shape Column

Commonly, L-shaped column is and has similar characteristics of a rectangular or square column.This type of column is commonly utilized in the corners of the boundary wall. The characteristics of this column is similar to rectangular or square column.

4. T-Shape column

This column utilized based on design requirements of a structure. In bridge construction this type of column is mostly used.

5.Shape of Steel Column

There are different standard and built up shape of steel columns which you can see below Fig.

   Fig.: Steel column cross section shape (Standard)

                                            Fig.: Steel column cross section shape (built up)

6. Shape of some Composite Column

Some shape of composite columns is shown in Fig.

Based on Construction Material

Types of columns based on construction materials include.

I think no description is needed to understand this type of columns.

1. Reinforced Concrete, Steel, timber, Brick, Block, and Stone Column.

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Types of Beams in Construction

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A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam.

Now we discuss about classification of beam used in building construction.

Classification of beams based on supports:

1.    Simply supported Beam:

This is type of beam which is supported on the ends which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance.

2.    Fixed Beam:

This is type of beam which is supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.

3.    Over hanging:

In this type of beam a simple beam extending beyond its support on one end.

4.    Double overhanging beam:

Its another type of overhanging beam, but in this beam a simple beam with both ends extending beyond its supports on both ends.

 

5.    Continuous beam:

Continuous beam is a beam in which a beam is extending over more than two supports.

6.    Cantilever beam:

Cantilever beam is a rigid beam that is fixed to a support usually a vertical structure or wall and the beam's other end is free.

Classification of beams based on Geometry

1.      Straight beam:

This beam has straight profile.

2.      Curved beam:

As name suggest this beam has curved profile.

3.      Tapered beam:

The cross section of this beam is tapered

4.      Based on the shape of cross section:

This type of beams is no need to explanation.

I.       I-beam:

II.      T-beam:

III.     C-beam:

Classification of beams based on materials:

This type of beam has also no need to explanation

1.    Timber Beam

2.    Steel Beam

3.    Concrete beam

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What is Engineering?

Hello My Friends, Welcome to the Civil Stunner.

First of all, I start simply with, “What is engineering?”

Let’s take a moment to think about your morning.

The alarm on your phone goes off at 7:00, you drag yourself to the shower and blast yourself with perfectly warm water in an attempt to wake up. You smear your toothbrush with toothpaste and scrub yourself into a foamy mesh of minty freshness. Now you running late, so you skate downtown weaving through commuters, dart across the road barely making light and jump on the train just before door beep shut. There is a couple of stops to go so you pull out your phone and play some games or be online at social media apps. Alarms, trains, traffic lights, video games, toothpaste. All these things were made possible by Engineers.

But what prompts to engineers to improve our world?

Well, they solve problems. Problems are an engineer’s inspiration and math and science are the creative tools that they used to solve them.

Now what are the problems?

Problems like making your alarm go off at right time or making sure your toothpaste is just the right balance of chemicals to give you the perfect smile. Even making a game so addictive that it’s almost impossible to put down, if that really is a problem.

Now, let’s head over to the airport and jump on a flight. Flights, they are so easy to take for granted. But don’t forget you can fly!!!! Before flights, flying was quite a bit more challenging. Every bit of your plane/flight has been touched by engineers.

A Mechanical and Civil engineers design engine and other parts, a Mechatronic engineers devises the controls, the fuel? Extracted by Mining engineers and refined by Chemical engineers. The navigation systems? Electrical and Software engineers created those. Yes, a whole team of engineers.



Now, we landed in Dubai, home of the Burj Khalifa. It’s world’s tallest biding at 829.8 meters high. It’s also world’s hottest environments, reaching up to 50 degrees in summer.

One of the difficulties of this building was trying to figure out how to set forty-five thousand cubic meters of reinforced concrete in such extreme weather.

The solution? A clever method of pumping iced liquid concrete into the 55,000 tones steel frame during the night.

The result? A building that’s vertically over 800 meters high, rather than horizontally all over the ground.

Now, let’s jump into our time machine and go back to Saturday March 1932.

The Sydney harbour bridge is about to open. The bridge is a marvel of Civil Engineering, and a pretty cool place to set off some fireworks. Since 1815 people had been talking about building a bridge to connect the two sides of the harbour.

The problem was that the harbour was so incredibly wide, how could a bridge span such a width and support its own weight?

The solution? The Romans!!! Well actually it was an idea they came up with. The arched bridge works by transferring the weight into horizontal forces, and bracing them at ends of the arch.

But, what about the future?

What problems will engineers solve next?

Will we finally have affordable solar power? Or robots that can perform life-saving surgery, or a building that’s so tall your view is of outer space. How about finally engineering a working hover board? Seriously we’ve waited long enough.

So, what is engineering? Its solving problems. It’s taking crazy, out their ideas and seeing if they’re actually possible. And when they are, the idea is shared with the world to make all our lives better.

So, what problems do you want to solve, comment it below.

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